Please see our frequently asked questions (FAQ). If you do not find what you are looking for, then feel free get in touch.
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Are annuities tax-deferred?
Yes, earnings inside an annuity grow tax-deferred. You only pay taxes when withdrawing money.
Are estate taxes the same as inheritance taxes?
No. Estate taxes are levied on the estate before distribution. Inheritance taxes are paid by beneficiaries, and only a few states impose them.
Are life insurance payouts taxable?
Death benefits are generally income tax-free for beneficiaries. However, estate taxes may apply to very large estates.
Can business owners deduct health insurance?
Yes, self-employed individuals can generally deduct health insurance premiums paid for themselves, their spouse, and dependents, subject to certain limits.
Can I borrow from my life insurance policy?
Yes, permanent policies with cash value allow loans against the policy, but unpaid loans reduce the death benefit.
Can I contribute to both a SEP IRA and a Roth IRA?
Yes. Contributions to a SEP IRA do not affect eligibility to contribute to a Roth IRA, though Roth income limits still apply.
Can I outlive an annuity?
Lifetime annuities provide income for as long as you live, so you can’t outlive them. However, unless you choose certain riders, payments may stop at death.
Can I work while receiving Social Security?
Yes. If you claim before full retirement age, benefits may be temporarily reduced if you earn above certain limits. After full retirement age, you can work without reductions.
Do dividends get taxed?
Yes. Qualified dividends are taxed at long-term capital gains rates, while non-qualified (ordinary) dividends are taxed at regular income rates.
Do I need a financial planner if I'm already saving and investing?
A financial planner can help optimize your strategy, avoid costly mistakes, and keep you accountable. Even strong savers benefit from coordinated tax, investment, and estate planning.
Do I need a will if I don't have many assets?
Yes. A will ensures your wishes are followed and avoids state intestacy laws deciding who inherits your property.
Do I need life insurance if I don’t have dependents?
Maybe not for income replacement, but you might still want it for covering debts, final expenses, or leaving a legacy.
Do I need Medicare if I'm still working at 65?
It depends. If you have employer coverage, you may delay Parts B and D without penalty, but rules vary by employer size.
How can business owners reduce taxes?
Strategies include maximizing retirement plan contributions, taking the QBI deduction, writing off eligible business expenses, employing family members, and using accountable plans.
How can I reduce my taxable income?
Contributing to retirement accounts, HSAs, and flexible spending accounts can lower taxable income. Tax-loss harvesting and charitable donations are other common strategies.
How is my Social Security benefit calculated?
Benefits are based on your 35 highest-earning years, adjusted for inflation. Higher lifetime earnings result in higher benefits.
How much can I contribute to a Solo 401(k)?
For 2025, you can contribute up to $23,000 as an employee ($30,500 if age 50+), plus up to 25% of net business income as an employer, capped at $69,000 ($76,500 if 50+).
How much life insurance coverage do I need?
A common rule of thumb is 7–10× your annual income, but it depends on debts, dependents, and future financial obligations.
How often should I update my financial plan?
At least once a year, or whenever you experience major life events like marriage, a new job, inheritance, or retirement.
Is Medicare free?
Part A is usually premium-free if you or your spouse paid Medicare taxes while working. Part B, Part D, and Medicare Advantage plans require monthly premiums.
Is Social Security income taxable?
Yes, depending on your income. Up to 85% of your benefit may be subject to federal income tax.
Should I invest in individual stocks or mutual funds/ETFs?
Most investors are better served with low-cost mutual funds or ETFs, which provide diversification and reduce single-stock risk. Individual stocks require more time, research, and risk tolerance.
What are capital gains taxes?
Capital gains tax applies when you sell an investment for more than you paid. Short-term gains (held ≤1 year) are taxed as ordinary income. Long-term gains (held >1 year) get lower rates.
What are dividends?
Dividends are payments distributed to shareholders from a company’s profits or earnings.
What are ETFs and how do they work?
Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are baskets of securities that trade on exchanges like stocks. They offer diversification, low costs, and tax efficiency.
What are living benefit riders?
Riders are optional features added to annuities (at extra cost) that may guarantee lifetime income, death benefits, or protection from market downturns.
What are Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)?
RMDs are mandatory withdrawals from most retirement accounts (like IRAs and 401(k)s) starting at age 73 (for those turning 72 after 2022). Failing to take RMDs can result in hefty penalties.
What are the different parts of Medicare?
Medicare Part A covers hospital stays, Part B covers doctor visits and outpatient care, Part C (Medicare Advantage) bundles coverage, and Part D covers prescription drugs.
What are the downsides of annuities?
They can carry high fees, surrender charges, complexity, and potential illiquidity. While they provide guaranteed income, they may not suit everyone.
What business expenses are tax-deductible?
Common deductions include office rent, supplies, business travel, retirement plan contributions, health insurance premiums, and depreciation on equipment.
What happens to my Social Security when I die?
Survivor benefits may be paid to your spouse, children, or dependents, depending on eligibility.
What is a Defined Benefit Plan for business owners?
A Defined Benefit Plan is a pension-style plan that allows very high contributions based on age and income, often used by high-earning self-employed individuals to accelerate retirement savings.
What is a fiduciary financial advisor?
A fiduciary is legally required to act in your best interest. Not all advisors are fiduciaries, so it’s important to ask.
What is a power of attorney?
A power of attorney authorizes someone to act on your behalf in financial or legal matters if you become unable to do so.
What is a Roth conversion?
A Roth conversion is when you move money from a traditional IRA or 401(k) into a Roth IRA, paying taxes upfront in exchange for tax-free withdrawals later.
What is a SEP IRA?
A Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA is a retirement plan for self-employed individuals or small businesses. Employers contribute up to 25% of compensation, capped at $69,000 in 2025.
What is a Solo 401(k)?
A Solo 401(k) is a retirement plan for self-employed individuals or business owners with no employees (other than a spouse). It allows high contribution limits and Roth options.
What is a surrender charge?
A surrender charge is a penalty for withdrawing money from an annuity within a certain period (often 5–10 years).
What is AGI?
Adjusted Gross Income, or AGI, is your total income for the year minus certain adjustments, used as a starting point for many tax calculations.
What is an advance healthcare directive?
An advance directive specifies your healthcare wishes and appoints someone to make medical decisions if you cannot.
What is an annuity?
An annuity is a contract with an insurance company where you pay a premium (lump sum or series of payments) in exchange for guaranteed income in the future.
What is an S-Corporation and why do business owners use it?
An S-Corp is a tax election that allows business profits to pass through to owners and potentially reduce self-employment taxes. Owners must pay themselves a reasonable salary.
What is cash value in life insurance?
In permanent policies, a portion of your premium builds cash value that grows tax-deferred and can be borrowed against or withdrawn (with caveats).
What is diversification and why does it matter?
Diversification means spreading investments across asset classes (stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.) to reduce risk. A diversified portfolio lowers the impact of any single investment’s poor performance.
What is dollar-cost averaging?
Dollar-cost averaging means investing a fixed amount of money on a regular schedule, regardless of market conditions. It reduces the risk of investing a lump sum at the wrong time.
What is estate planning?
Estate planning involves arranging how your assets will be managed and distributed after your death or incapacity. It can include wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives.
What is financial planning?
Financial planning is the process of setting goals for your money—like retirement, education, or buying a home—and creating a strategy to reach them. It covers budgeting, investing, insurance, tax planning, and estate planning.
What is IRMAA?
Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount is an added Medicare Part B and D premium surcharge for higher-income individuals based on MAGI from two years prior.
What is MAGI?
Modified Adjusted Gross Income starts with AGI and adds back certain deductions depending on tax rules. It is used to determine eligibility for certain tax benefits.
What is Medicare?
Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people age 65+ and certain younger people with disabilities.
What is probate?
Probate is the legal process of validating a will and distributing assets. It can be time-consuming and public, which is why some people use trusts to avoid it.
What is provisional income?
Provisional income is used to determine how much of your Social Security benefits are taxable and includes AGI, tax-exempt interest, and half of your Social Security benefits.
What is rebalancing?
Rebalancing is the process of realigning your portfolio to your target asset allocation by buying or selling assets. It controls risk and keeps your portfolio aligned with your goals.
What is sequence of return risk?
Sequence of return risk refers to the danger that the timing of investment returns is unfavorable, especially early in retirement when withdrawals are happening.
What is Social Security?
Social Security is a federal program providing retirement, disability, and survivor benefits funded by payroll taxes.
What is spousal Social Security?
Spouses may be eligible for benefits based on their partner’s earnings record, even if they have little or no work history themselves.
What is tax-loss harvesting?
Tax-loss harvesting is the strategy of selling investments at a loss to offset taxable gains. It can reduce your tax bill while maintaining your market exposure.
What is the capital gains bump zone?
This is the income range where realizing capital gains can push you into higher tax brackets or trigger hidden tax effects, such as increased taxation of Social Security.
What is the difference between a SEP IRA and a Solo 401(k)?
Both are designed for small businesses, but Solo 401(k)s allow higher contributions at lower income levels, Roth contributions, and loan features. SEP IRAs are simpler to administer.
What is the difference between a will and a trust?
A will directs distribution of assets after death and requires probate. A trust can hold assets during your lifetime, avoid probate, and may provide tax and privacy benefits.
What is the difference between tax-deferred and tax-free accounts?
Tax-deferred accounts (like traditional IRAs or 401(k)s) let you delay paying taxes until withdrawal. Tax-free accounts (like Roth IRAs) tax contributions upfront but withdrawals are tax-free in retirement.
What is the difference between whole life and universal life insurance?
Whole life provides fixed premiums and guaranteed cash value growth. Universal life offers flexible premiums and adjustable death benefits.
What is the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)?
The Net Investment Income Tax is a 3.8% tax on investment income for those whose MAGI exceeds certain IRS thresholds.
What is the Qualified Business Income (QBI) deduction?
The QBI deduction allows eligible self-employed individuals and small business owners to deduct up to 20% of qualified business income, subject to income thresholds and business type.
What is the Social Security tax torpedo?
This occurs when increases in other income cause more of your Social Security benefits to become taxable, leading to unexpectedly high marginal tax rates.
What's the difference between active and passive investing?
Active investing involves trying to “beat the market†through stock picking or market timing. Passive investing uses index funds or ETFs to match market performance at low cost. Research shows passive often outperforms over the long run.
What's the difference between fee-only and commission-based planners?
Fee-only planners are paid directly by you and avoid product sales commissions, which helps reduce conflicts of interest. Commission-based planners earn money from the products they sell, which may bias recommendations.
What's the difference between financial planning and investment management?
Financial planning is comprehensive, covering all aspects of your financial life. Investment management focuses only on your portfolio.
What's the difference between fixed, variable, and indexed annuities?
Fixed annuities pay a guaranteed interest rate. Variable annuities allow investments in subaccounts, returns vary with market performance. Indexed annuities tie earnings to a market index with caps and floors.
What's the difference between Medicare Advantage and Medigap?
Medicare Advantage (Part C) replaces Original Medicare with private plans that include coverage. Medigap is supplemental insurance that helps pay costs not covered by Original Medicare.
What's the difference between stocks and bonds?
Stocks represent ownership in a company, with higher growth potential and risk. Bonds are loans to governments or companies, generally lower risk but with lower returns.
What's the difference between term and permanent life insurance?
Term life covers you for a set period (e.g., 20 years) and is cheaper. Permanent life lasts your entire life, includes cash value, and is more expensive.
When can I enroll in Medicare?
Your initial enrollment period is seven months, beginning three months before the month you turn 65 and ending three months after.
When can I start taking Social Security retirement benefits?
You can start as early as age 62, but benefits will be reduced. Full retirement age depends on your birth year (between 66 and 67). Waiting until age 70 maximizes your benefit.
Who qualifies for the QBI deduction?
Most pass-through entities (sole proprietorships, partnerships, S corporations) qualify. However, certain service businesses may face limitations once income exceeds IRS thresholds.